Animal Testing For The Sake Of Cosmetics - 2007 Words

â€Å"According to the view that an animal s moral claim is equivalent to a moral right, any action that fails to treat the animal as a being with inherent worth would violate that animal s right and is thus morally objectionable (Gruen).† This quote relates to a serious matter in that the use of animals in the testing of cosmetics is inhumane. Animal testing for the sake of cosmetics is a cruel, unethical and an unnecessary method of practice. There is debate among the companies in this practice (as well some people who follow the opinion of these companies) and other people who stand for the rights of animals in such practices and what end it serves. The first step to eliminate animal testing is to look what animal testing is. While the name can give one a decent idea of what it entails, the details are where the deep understanding of why it is such a hot button topic for debate is found. In the field of science and animal testing, animals go through variations of tests. One of the four common tests check if the product irritates skin and eyes. This test involves either shaving the animal to have a bare area, where the product is applied, to test for skin irritation. This irritation may develop anything from a rash to open sores and bleeding. If drops are being tested, then they are placed in the eye of an animal with the eyes held open manually by instruments to test for irritation or blindness without allowing the product to be rubbed or blinked away. Another test is whereShow MoreRelatedAnimal Testing Proposal Essay1549 Words   |  7 PagesMillions of animals are being unneedlessly tested on for cosmetics, even though there are plenty of alternatives available and most of the results are unreliable or not applicable to humans. Although the fight against animal testing has made huge progress recently, America has yet to stop this cruel practice and chooses to torture animals while other countries are making a stop to the testing (â€Å"Animal Testing 101†). Right now, millions of mice, rats, rabbits, primates, cats, dogs, and other animals are lockedRead MoreAnimals Is Inhumane, And Animal Testing853 Words   |  4 PagesFollowing along, testing on animals is inhumane, and animal testing, an unbearable act, is universally unwanted by all. Not just animal lovers peering in through the outside disapprove or have a disliking for the tests, but also those from within (and not just the animals) have a distaste for the tests too. Animal testing may hope to advance humans (and lifestyles), whilst preventing or delaying deaths and unnecessarily assuring a cosmetic’s safety, but (ironically) at the expense or reverse ofRead MoreAnimal Testing And Its Prevalence1393 Words   |  6 Pagescruelty toward an animal and the angry or sad feelings associated with that image. The ASPCA and PETA commercials depicting abused and neglected animals are notorious. I do not see potential for the levels of inhumanity some express toward animals in any of you, but perhaps by buying from companies that support animal testing, an indirect contribution toward needless cruelty against animals takes place. III. Over the past few weeks, I have researched the ethics of animal testing and its prevalenceRead MoreMy Speech On Animal Abuse Essay1413 Words   |  6 PagesImagine spending your entire life inside a laboratory where scientists stick cosmetic products in your eyes to test it for eye irritancy. Imagine being forced to breathe smoke for up to six hours straight, every day, for as long as three years. You are not being fed, you cannot drink, you get deprived of sleep. They isolate you and amputate you. They implant electrodes on your brain to manipulate it. They sew your eyes shut, force you to do drugs and place you in a cage with electrified floor barsRead MoreEssay on Animal Testing Ethics646 Words   |  3 PagesAnimal Testing Ethics Is animal testing right or wrong? No one has really answered that so far. Everyone has their own opinion about it. I personally think that if we are not abusing the testing it should be allowed. I dont think it is necessary to test animals for every little thing that goes on the market but sure why not when it relates to a life or death thing like cancer. How else would we make sure the medications wouldn’t kill us? Safety tests are conductedRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1136 Words   |  5 PagesAnimal experimentation is not the most accurate testing, just because some medicine and cosmetic product pass an animal test it doesn’t mean it has a beneficial effect on humans. Animal tests have evolved in many ways throughout history in negative and positive ways. A strong negative being that we are different from animals but not just animals we are also different from each other. There are many arguments that we humans wouldn’t be where we are today if it wasn’t for reliance on animal testingRead MoreAnimal Testing: A True Ethical Dilemma Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pagesis the life of a laboratory animal. Animal testing is the use of animals for scientific research purposes and experiments. It can be used for the findings of cures and medicines to testing new drugs, to understanding the behavioral psychology of the animals themselves. â€Å"Around fifty to one hundred million vertebrate animals, ranging from fish to primates, are used in experiments each year† (Lloyd). There are many different terms used to describe the research on animals but two main ideas. In vivoRead MoreEssay on Animal Testing1107 Words   |  5 Pageshumans use animals for testing each year. Animal testing is when the animals are put through something or injected to see how they react to what medical research they have been used for. Its impossible to know exactly how many animals are being used in research because U.S. laws do not require scientists to report how many mice, rats, or birds they use, but it’s estimated that 90% of lab animals are mice and rats. It’s crucial that everyone know why animals should not be used for testing of harmfulRead MoreIs The Most Selfish Species On Other Human Beings?1578 Words   |  7 Pagesextinction. Some for fun, some for money and some just because. Animals are very reserved and just like to do their o wn thing. They mind their business and don’t try to pry into other’s business. Now I’m not saying that exploring is a bad thing. But what I want to get across is that we shouldn’t have to cut open and test these poor creatures that have done nothing but mind their business and keeps the cycle going. We use all kinds of animals to test out everything that we want to use. But why don’t weRead More The Cruelty of Animal Research, Testing, and Experimentation1381 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cruelty of Animal Testing and the Need for Alternative Methods In his book Inhumane Society: The American Way of Exploiting Animals, Dr. Michael W. Fox estimates that twenty-five to thirty-five million animals are used in the United States each year for laboratory testing and research (58). Research involving tests done on animals is unnecessary and cruel. More humane methods of research need to be employed. Fox states that animal tests on cosmetics and household products are nothing

Romantic Relationships - 1786 Words

Relationship Satisfaction among XU college students who are in a Romantic Relationship Echem, Andrea Ines A. Lomadilla, Muriel E. andrea_echem@yahoo.com muriellomadilla@yahoo.com Montero, Precious Jihan B. Pabelonio, Beia Lyka B. preciousjihan@yahoo.com.ph beialyka24@yahoo.com Rationale College counselors report that a real reason that students look for counseling service is because of having problems with their partners (Creasey, Kershaw, Boston, 1999). The negative feelings connected with these grievances may trigger solid anxiety reactions, respect toward oneself issues, scholastic challenges and viciousness inside the relationship (Creasey Hesson-Mcinnus, 2001, p.85).†¦show more content†¦A 7-item instrument intended to measure the respondent’s relationship satisfaction. The RAS has a decent inward consistency, with an alpha of .86. No information on stability were accounted for. After opposite scoring, items 4 and 7, items are summed for a total score (A= 1, E= 5). Scores can run from 7 (low satisfaction) to 35 (high satisfaction). The RAS has great simultaneous legitimacy, with critical associations with various subscales of the adoration disposition scale and Dyadic Adjustment Scale. The RAS additionally has great predictive legitimacy, altogether recognizing couples who in this manner stay together or split up. This measure was intended to be a concise, effortlessly managed and scored measure of satisfaction in a romantic relationship. It is not restricted to conjugal relationships, and could be utilized to give a clinician a decent gauge of relationship satisfaction that is more educational than a single thing. (Susan S. Hendrick, 1988) Procedure The researchers went to eight (8) P.E classes and four (4) Filipino classes and the researchers asked the class professor to conduct their survey, in return the researchers gave the professor and the students gave tokens of gratitude. Data Analysis Three forms of data analyses were used to analyze the dataset: frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation and T-test. Frequency distribution showed a summarized grouping of data divided into mutually exclusive classesShow MoreRelatedThe Common Romantic Relationship Relationships1243 Words   |  5 Pagesare involved in a romantic relationship or will be eventually. The most common romantic relationship includes the sexual dating relationship, the domestic partnership, and the marriage. The adults or partners involved in these relationships inevitably reach a point of conflict and how they react to the conflict can show whether the partners are a securely, avoidant, or anxious attached person. The securely attached adults usually have a positive view when dealing with relationship issues. Whereas,Read MoreRomantic Relationships : The Romantic Construal Model941 Words   |  4 PagesThought Paper After reading the chapter â€Å"Romantic Communication in Intimate Relationships: The Romantic Construal Model†, I was left with a lot of new knowledge. The Romantic Construal Model, which identifies how people judge romantic acts via personalization, specialness and conveyed value, is something that I had never heard of before and enjoyed learning about, but like with any new concept I was left with lots of questions as well as relations to other things I have previously learned. For thisRead MoreConflict in Romantic Relationship1710 Words   |  7 PagesGeorgia Perimeter Conflict in romantic relationship Conflicts in romantic relationship Conflicts occur in our relationship when we find dissimilarities in our opinion. It is very natural that disagreements come to the relationships, and conflicts occur. There are no interpersonal relationships without conflicts (Wood 230). Conflicts may also come in romantic relationships. Now, what is romantic relationship? As Wood says, self-concept, proximity, and similarity are the three main thingsRead MoreComparison Of Romantic Relationships735 Words   |  3 PagesM. (2012). Comparisons of close relationships: An evaluation of relationship quality and patterns of attachment to parents, friends, and romantic partners in young adults. Canadian Journal Of Behavioural Science / Revue Canadienne Des Sciences Du Comportement, 44(4), 245-256. doi:10.1037/a0028013 The article explains how the study was being investigate with parents participating relationship quality and attachment patterns in relationships to friends and romantic partners to test two competing modelsRead MoreConflicts in Romantic Relationships2775 Words   |  12 PagesCONFLICT IN ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS As long as people have gotten romantically involved with one another, there has been conflict within those relationships. Some people argue that conflict is bad for the relationship and will ultimately lead to the demise of that relationship. Others argue that the conflict is good for the relationship and will help it to flourish. Conflict can be both positive and negative for a relationship. It can both help and hinder the relationship. No matterRead MoreThe Model Of Romantic Relationships942 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Relationships can be complicated and often times identifying where a couple is at on a relationship continuum is challenging. The ABCDE model of romantic relationships explains the process of how a relationship develops over time and provides one with additional understanding. The A stands for attraction, B for the building of a relationship, C for the continuation, D for the deterioration, and E signifying the end (Nevid, Rathus, Rathus, 2014). Within this paper, this writer willRead MoreRelationship Between Platonic And Romantic Relationships1477 Words   |  6 Pagesnetwork of platonic and romantic relationships. Extra-familial relationships become more central in an individual’s social world; thus, an individual’s capacity for intimate relationships begins to develop with both friends and romantic partners (Allen Land, 1999). Simultaneously, a romantic partner quickly becomes the focus in one’s relationship hierarchy (Collins van Dulmen, 20006). Each emerging adult’s relationship quality as well as their attachment bond with their romantic partners constitutesRead MoreRelationship Between Love And Romantic Relationships Essay1204 Words   |  5 Pages Love Romantic Relationships According to the dictionary , the word â€Å"relationship† is defined a particular type of connection existing between people related to or having dealing with each other. There are many times of ways to make a relationship last. According to the dictionary love is an intense feeling of deep affection. Love, trust, and communication are the three most important attributes in my eyes. Relationships between friends, family, and couples should be the lasting ones, and inRead MoreRelational Theory Of Romantic Relationships1336 Words   |  6 Pagessituation that has been brought to the attention of many relational theorists. Studies have shown romantic relationships are challenged and go through various stages of relational maintenance that may not always be positive. However, the conceptualization of negativity in romantic relationships is often dismissed. As a society, there has been the glorification of love and how romantic relationships should play out. Whether it is throug h the representations featured in literature, film, music or otherRead MoreEssay on Communication in Romantic Relationships1114 Words   |  5 PagesFriendships and romantic relationships makes our lives go round. Without them our lives would be dull and lonely. Unlike family members, we are allowed to choose our friends and lovers. There are various levels of friendships and diverse forms of romantic relationships, and they can all lead to being close, intimate, and loving. Both friendships and romances considerably enrich the well-being of our physical and mental state. Friendships can lead to romantic relationships, and romantic relationships can lead

Quantitative Approaches to Decision Making †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Quantitative Approaches to Decision Making. Answer: Introduction: I have attended decision making meeting in Conroy manufacturing company at strategic and operational level. This meeting is conducted on the monthly basis within an organization. In the strategic decision meeting, three non-management persons are participated such as vice chairman, secretary, and chairman. Further, in the operational decision making, managing partner, marketing, head finance, and operations is participated. Moreover, it is also addressed that both strategic and operational decision meeting can be effective to improve the productivity of company in long-term (Ferrell, et al., 2015). Strategic Meeting: The strategic meetings are focused towards long-term strategic goals of the organization. In the strategic meeting, the company discussed about the franchisee and revoking license of the organization. The strategic objectives of the organization are developed as a part of two to four year plan which identifies the strengths and weaknesses of the organization and set out expectations so that the organization can achieve its mission and vision. In the strategic meeting, the company discussed the issue of franchising. It is a strategic issue as the company has to evaluate different options in related to the business option and choose the best fit approach so that the company can expand its overseas operations. Operational Meeting: In the operational meeting, the organization discussed about the daily, weekly and monthly project benchmarks. The operational objectives are a part of the strategic moves of the organization. The operational objectives are broken down from strategic objectives of the organization into workable tasks. The operational objectives of the organization are short-term and focused on the everyday time utilization and the asset allocation by the organization. The operational meeting dealt with how the organization will handle the day-to-day operations. Currently, the organization has to surrender its existing license for a specific production plant. The organization has to file a petition in front of the concerned authority to surrender its license. Nature of problems dealt with at each level and appropriate criteria to show whether they are tame or wicked It is analysed that at each level, different kinds of issues can influence the implementing franchisee and surrendering license. It is analysed that franchising is based on uniformity not a freedom but when franchisee buy a franchise of a corporation then they act as boss of company and control the operation as per their rules and avoid the franchise rules. It is an issue for managers which create complexities to make decision within an organisation. Moreover, licence can be surrendered by franchise in case franchisee fails to offer services and products that are required to sever the people convenience and necessary for city. It can be also surrendered in case franchisee delivers the bad quality products and services to the customers (Pettigrew, 2014). There are several issues in the strategic decision of franchising for the organization as the company has to select the most optimal method for the expansion process. The selection of franchisee is also critical as the companies which aligns with the business culture and operations of the organization. It can be critiqued that the current is a tame problem. These types of problems can be solved by the implementation of proper problem-solving algorithm. For avoiding these issues, company should make an effective plan in the context of the franchise application. Along with this, an organization should focus on the quality of goods and services to solve the issues. Further, Conroy manufacturing company can use digital marketing techniques for satisfying a large number of customers need and improving the service performance systematically. The company can follow the standard protocol and surrender its existing licenses (Goodwin, et al., 2014). It is also a tame problem as the company can follow the protocol and surrender its existing license to the government. Conroy manufacturing company should use the decision-making techniques to solve issues. These issues are breaching rule of franchise and revoking the licencing of franchisee. The head of the company can make a decision in favor of franchise by using the decision-making tools. In Conroy Manufacturing Company, the main head can imply SMART decision-making tool to find out both level of issues such as strategic and operational. Conroy Manufacturing Company can considered four factors in the decision making like identification of the problem, criteria definition, and alternative evaluation and generation, and implementation (Hartman, et al., 2014). For using the qualitative approach, management can consider different factors to identify the issues of franchise and revoking licence. These factors are disused as below: The management team of Conroy Manufacturing Company can systematically review the organizational procedure and evaluate the aim of organizational business to addresses that franchisees has used the rule of franchise or not. It can also identify that franchisee has delivered the quality services and products to customers or not. Additionally, it can be said that this, this process is conducted by getting feedback from customers (Solomon, 2014). Criteria Definition After the determination of franchisee and revoking licence issue, an organization is needed to identify the operational process of business in systematic manner. In addition, the appropriate decision and proper judgment can be a vital methodology to avoid these issues. After identification of the problem, organization and management team can develop an alternative strategy, which will be effective to operate business and making decision regarding franchise and revoking licence of franchisees. The estimation of alternative strategy supports to avoid the issues (Goetsch, et al., 2014). Implementation In this step, Conroy Manufacturing Company implies collected data into the business activity to perform business operation such using quality products and services in an organisation as per the customers needs. The managers and leader of a company can also execute the alternative strategies systematically in a business process to avoid the identified issues (Barlett, 2016). Quantitative approach For identifying the problem, management can use the quantitative approach. It is discussed as below: Strategic Decision related to Franchise Criteria Measure Weight (1-10) Amount 6 Cost value 7 Consumer friendly 9 Performance ambitious 9 Structural alteration 8 Revenue improvement 8 Assessment alternative Alternative Price Cost effective User friendly Performance driven Structural modification Revenue enhancement Renewal 5 4 7 8 7 9 Internal development 1 5 7 9 7 9 Alliance/Partnership 7 5 7 7 5 9 Cumulative assessment alternative Alternative Price Cost effective User friendly Performance driven Structural modification Revenue enhancement total Renewal 30 28 63 72 56 72 321 Internal Development 6 35 63 81 56 72 315 Alliance/Partnership 42 35 63 81 56 72 313 Operational Decision on Customer service Criteria definition and weighting Criterion Weight (1-10) Employee attitude 7 Flexibility 5 Standard delivery 6 Corporate safety 5 Revenue generation. 7 Assessment alternative Alternative Attitude Flexibility Standard Delivery Corporate Safety Revenue generation. In-house training 5 3 7 9 5 On-line training 5 7 7 7 7 Out sourcing 4 5 7 3 9 Cumulative Assessment alternative Alternative Attitude Flexibility Standard Delivery Corporate Safety Revenue Generation Total. In- house training 35 15 45 45 35 172 On-line training 35 35 42 35 49 196 Out sourcing 28 25 42 15 63 173 On behalf of the above data, it is analyzed that strategic business decision is based on the franchise and revoking of license issue. As per the above table, it can be stated that franchise can identify the consumer's service issues in an organization and surrendered the license in case of bad service quality. The operational business decision is taken through quantitative approaches. These approaches can support to Conroy Manufacturing Company to collect valid data by using both instinctive and mathematical method (Sharma, et al., 2014). For identifying individuals wicked issue, Conroy Manufacturing Company can use qualitative approach through experience and expertise as it would be beneficial to obtain the favorable outcome and business success. In addition, it can also be said that the quantitative approach can also be used by Conroy Manufacturing Company to get reliable result from customers. It is also addressed that the direct experience is not considered in the quantitative approach because this method is based on reliability and logic wherein an objective based decision is possible (Anderson, et al., 2015). Final Evaluation of Approaches and its effectiveness Conroy Manufacturing Company should make unmistakable and clear problem statement because it could be effective to determine the franchise and revoking licence issue in depth. It could be identified by using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Qualitative approach is used to getting feedback regarding issues from experts and quantitative approach is used to collect the feedback from customers regarding products and services. On behalf of Williams, it is explained that the decision should be based on rationality. At the same time, the decision maker can visibly and distinctly understand the problem and collect data in the context of the decision situation. In addition, Williamss problem-solving obedience demonstrated that the strategic and operational goal of Conroy Manufacturing Company can be different from each other therefore they cannot affect the decision-making process. As a result, the decision makers of an organization can aware of the possible result. There are dif ferent types of factors that are considered by company in the decision making of solving revoking licence of franchisee issue such as cost-effectiveness, franchise price, standard modification, performance-driven, internal development, flexibility, and standard delivery (Kaner, 2014). Other factors are partnership, alliance, user-friendliness, corporate safety, online training, in-housing training and development, outsourcing, and revenue generation. Moreover, it is also addressed that management can make an effective decision and improve their financial condition (Beach, 2014). There are some different types of limitation that can be faced by the decision makers of Conroy Manufacturing Company at the time of decision making regarding franchise and revoking license issue. The quantitative approach cannot be successful if a manager terminated, misjudges, and completely fail to accomplish their responsibility towards any specified goal of franchise. For example, overreliance on the fundamental benefit of numerous units like a device for doling out assets does not in charge of versatility. In addition, it is addressed that many top-producing parts like finance unit can be working in the peak productivity. It is also illustrated that if Conroy Manufacturing Company has more resources then it does not mean, it will obtain more profit. In case, the company has focused on the employees effort then it can improve their productivity (Beach, 2014). Employee Engagement The workforce in a corporation is prepared with a diverse set of working behavior and mentality that could be complicated for the administration to combine their effort for effective management. Beside this, it is also addressed that each individual of an organization has different interest and opinion, and views that can create conflict among employees for work together. It can direct impact on the productivity of Conroy Manufacturing Company. It is also addressed that some of the employees have complaints with other staff member that can be complicated for a leader to support their activities because it can influence the financial performance of the firm. Hence, an organization has needed to concentrate on employees activity and behavior so that they could contribute more in the accomplishment of organization goal (Shouzhen, et al., 2014). It can be recommended that the decision maker of Conroy Manufacturing Company should consider some recommendations to deal with the existing problems. The analysis of competitors can enhance the knowledge about the franchising issue in the organization. For business growth, a decision maker should be adaptive and attentive to take an appropriate decision. The business quality can be made by the upper level of management that can influence the other department of business. In addition, it is also found that Conroy Manufacturing Company should change the business decision-making process for sustaining in the market at long-term. The Conroy Manufacturing Company should also use both quantitative and qualitative approach to get a favorable result. The mixed approach can support a corporate to make an effective decision regarding franchise and revoking license issue consequently it can enhance the productivity of firm systematically (Kaner, 2014). References Ferrell, O. C., and Fraedrich, J. (2015)Business ethics: Ethical decision making and cases, USA: Nelson Education. Pettigrew, A. M. (2014)The politics of organizational decision-making, UK: Rutledge. Goodwin, P., and Wright, G. (2014) Decision Analysis for Management Judgment 5th ed, USA: John Wiley and sons. Hartman, L. P., DesJardins, J. R., and MacDonald, C. (2014) Business ethics: Decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility, USA: New York: McGraw-Hill. Solomon, M. R. (2014) Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being(Vol. 10), Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Goetsch, D. L., and Davis, S. B. (2014) Quality management for organizational excellence, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Barlett, P. F. (Ed.). (2016) Agricultural decision making: Anthropological contributions to rural development, Academic Press. Sharma, R., Mithas, S., and Kankanhalli, A. (2014) Transforming decision-making processes: a research agenda for understanding the impact of business analytics on organizations,European Journal of Information Systems,23(4), pp. 433-441. Anderson, D. R., Sweeney, D. J., Williams, T. A., Camm, J. D., and Cochran, J. J. (2015) An introduction to management science: quantitative approaches to decision making, USA: Cengage Learning. Kaner, S. (2014) Facilitator's guide to participatory decision-making, USA: John Wiley and Sons. Beach, L. R. (2014) Decision making in the workplace: A unified perspective, USA: Psychology Press. Shouzhen, Z., Qifeng, W., Merig, J. M., and Tiejun, P. (2014) Induced intuitionistic fuzzy ordered weighted averaging: Weighted average operator and its application to business decision-making,Computer Science and Information Systems,11(2), pp. 839-857.

The Impression That I Have Gotten From The Latest Magazines And Websit

The impression that I have gotten from the latest magazines and websites about microchips is that the chip is definitely the mile stone in computer hardware. Computer chips make up our everyday lives enabling many of the things we use like coffee machines, microwaves, ATMs, and computers work and are reliable for use. These chips are no larger than a fingernail and are getting smaller every other year and are amazingly capable of holding over 1.5 million transistors. The computer chip's history is very short and many of us (including myself) do not remember a time when we were without integrated circuits. The things that we do remember are the advances and theories major companies, Professors, and engineers discover. The first computers used components called vacuum tubes. These vacuum tubes functioned as electronic switches. The tubes worked fine except that they were not reliable. Because of the big structure vacuum tubes would generate intense heat, which caused many of the components to deteriorate, and consumed enormous amounts of power. A smaller flow of electrons was sought after, and what they found were transistors. Transistors changed the way computers could and would be built. The integrated circuit was invented by Jack Kilby, an engineer at Texas Instruments, and independently by Robert Noyce of Fair Child Semi-conductor. Then integrated circuit, or chip, combined multiple transistors into a small silicon disc. This silicon chip was the backbone of the development of smaller systems. Computer chips have a phenomenal rate of performance over time and was considered as a revolutionary device. According to Moore's Law: The number of components in a single chip doubles every two years. Computers have since become cheaper and their capabilities have increased exponentially over time. HOW IS A COMPUTER CHIP MADE? A Computer chip is a tiny piece of material, that contains a complex electronic circuit and are made by placing and removing thin layers of insulating conducting and semi-conducting materials in hundreds of steps. The bodies of most chips are made of silicon and are used because silicon is a semi-conductor. Clean rooms are special laboratories where a lot of the manufacturing process is performed. The components of a chip are so small that the tiniest dust particle could ruin a chip. These clean rooms are very sterile and are one thousand times cleaner than hospitals. People who work in these laboratories are required to wear bunny suits and use an air shower to remove any dust form the suits before entering these rooms. The first step in the manufacturing process involves melting the silicon crystals. After these crystals have reached its melting point seed crystals are carefully dipped into the melted silicon to form a cylindrical ingot five to ten inches in diameter and several feet long. This long ingot is then smoothed and cut into wafers. The manufacturing of these wafers can take from ten to thirty days. Each wafer forms the foundation for hundreds of chips. Engineers use a computer-aided circuit design program to design each layer of the chip. Depending on the amount of layers a chip may take a month to several work years to complete. A robot because of the use of dangerous chemicals does the next step. The robot polishes, sterilizes, and cleans the silicon wafer in a chemical bath. The wafers are then placed in a diffusion oven where they are coated with photo resist. After the photo resist is applied, the wafers are put through a process called photolithography which patterns almost every layer into the shape of specific electronic components. An Ultra violet light projected through the glass mask prints each layers circuit pattern on the photo resist. The photo resist that is exposed to the light becomes hard while the photo resist covered by the chip remains soft. Channels in these layers of materials are then etched off. The soft photo resist and some of the surface materials are etched away with hot gases, leaving circuit pathways. This step is repeated with each layer of the chip. Manufacturers add certain impurities to the silicon chips like Boron and Phosphorus to enable the chips to conduct electricity at room temperature. The doped regions form the electronic components, which will be able to conduct electricity. Some chips contain millions of components.

Frankenstein and Blade Runner Essay Example

Frankenstein and Blade Runner Paper Mary Shelley’s iconic novel, Frankenstein, and Ridley Scott’s cinematographic masterpiece, Blade Runner, are, on the surface, remarkably dissimilar, not solely in terms of medium, but in absolute contextual disparity. They are, of course, very much products of their time, affected and inspired by the conundrums and pessimistic predictions of their own cultural and societal contexts; condemnations of each respective composers predictions for humanity. It is interesting to note, therefore, that both texts are alike in their thematic complexity, however differently these timeless themes are expressed, and that the textual techniques of both only serve to heighten the inevitable character, plot and thematic comparisons which have inevitably occurred, as is to be expected of a film whole prophetic quality and social significance are timeless, and a novel which was to become an irrefutable literary classic. It is important to note that the world of Mary Shelley in 1818 bore a striking resemblance to that of Ridley Scott in the early 1980’s, and indeed, this is the underlying catalyst for the contemporary cultural significance of the texts. The 1800’s for example, was a time of Revolution and Industrialism; a time in which scientific advances by the likes of Erasmus Darwin and Andrew Crosse, as well as a general ascent of idealistic romanticism, had colossal influence upon not only society; but upon Shelley’s pathetic fallacy and sensory imagery-laden writing style. We will write a custom essay sample on Frankenstein and Blade Runner specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Frankenstein and Blade Runner specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Frankenstein and Blade Runner specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer One must recognise the stark analogy amidst such a time of scientific ambition and the 1980’s, a time when, similarly, rampant computerisation threatened to render the labour of man irrelevant, as scientific experimentation in genetic engineering and globalisation shook the very foundations of morality and ethical thought. Within Blade Runner too, irrefutably a condemnation of the future implications of such a time, Scott utilises establishing shots and neon, filtered lighting to intimidate; to illuminate a litany of Asian faces, whilst technology, and of course the replicants themselves, are created without second thought, and ultimately, with disastrous implications for those concerned; â€Å"Commerce is our goal here at Tyrell, more human than human is our motto. Rachel is an experiment, nothing less and nothing more. † Which, of course, brings to the fore the undeniable and universal thematic complexity of both Frankenstein and Blade Runner; the predominant catalyst for their newfound cultural significance. First and foremost is the theme upon which the texts are fundamentally built, that of emulating the divine, as well as its ramifications. Mary Shelley herself, in fact, states in the preface to her novel, â€Å"frightful must it be; for supremely frightful would be the effect of any human endeavor to mock the stupendous Creator of the world†, and indeed, Victor Frankenstein himself essentially serves as an analogy, almost a deterrent, of the unbridled scientific advances of Shelley’s time. Despite Frankenstein’s extreme intelligence, being â€Å"the envy of [his] peers† and the fact that he â€Å"became capable of bestowing animation upon lifeless matter†, his lack of compassion for his creation, â€Å"the miserable monster whom I had created†, in conjunction with his desired abandonment of it, â€Å"I sincerely hope, that all these employments are now at an end, that I am at length free†, has catastrophic consequences. Essentially, Shelley’s characterisation symbolises man as a fallible creature, one who will by no means possess the characteristics of God, despite the insurmountable increases in technological advancement which today are the norm.

Phylum Annelida Essays

Phylum Annelida Essays Phylum Annelida Essay Phylum Annelida Essay Phylum Annelida L. annelleus = little ring Annelida have bodies consisting of many essentially similar ringlike segments (somites or metameres). This segmentation usually shows in both external and internal features, including muscles, nerves, and circulatory, excretory and reproductive organs. Phylum Annelida This phylum is divided into three classes: Oligochaeta: Earthworms Most earthworms and their equals are inhabitants of damp soil and fresh waters. Hirudinea: Leeches The leeches are found mainly in fresh water or on moist ground. Polychaeta: Bristle-worms The marine worms are found chiefly in close vicinity of the shore. OLIGOCHAETA = Earthworms HIRUDINEA = Leeches POLYCHAETA = Bristle-worms Some annelids are free-living, many inhabit burrows or dwell in tubes, some are commensals on other aquatic animals (few are ecto- or endoparasites), and many of the leeches attach to vertebrates. Symmetry bilateral. Triploblastic. The body is elongate and usually conspicuously segmented both internally and externally. Appendages are minute rodlike chitinous setae, little to many per somite. Polychaeta have fleshy tentacles on its head and has the setae situated on the lateral fleshy parapodia. Most species of the class Hirudinea lack setae. The Body is covered by a thin moist cuticle over columnar epithelium containing unicellular gland cells and sensory cells. Both the body wall and the digestive canal has layers of circular and longitudinal muscles. The body cavity (coelom) is well developed (except in the leeches) an d is divided by septa in the Oligochaeta and Polychaeta. A complete digestive canal is present in a tubular shape, extending the whole length of the body. A closed circulatory system of longitudinal blood vessels with branches extending laterally in each segment. Dissolved hemoglobin and free amoebocytes are usually present in the blood plasma. Respiration occurs via the epidermis or through gills in some tube dweller species. Excretory system consists of one pair of nephridia per segment(somite). Each of these nephridia removes waste from the coelom and bloodstream directly to the outside world. A nervous system is present with a pair of cerebral ganglia ( a brain) and connectives to a solid (double) midventral nerve cord extending the length of the body. The midventral nerve cord is connected to pairs of lateral nerves in each segment. Sensory cells and organs for touch, taste and the perception of light is also present. The sexes are united and the development in the case of Oligochaeta and Hirudinea are direct or the sexes are separate and the development includes a trocophore larval stage as with the Polychaeta. Some species of Oligochaeta and Polychaeta reproduce asexually by budding. Earthworms have long, cylindrical body that is divided into similar segments. The grooves that extend around the body of the worm show the arrangement of the segments. Earthworms have bilateral symmetry The first body segment is called the peristomium. The peristomium contains the mouth. Instead, they depend on their prostomium and sensory receptors in their skin to feel their way through the soil. The periproct is the last segment of an earthworm. Reference: Hickman Jr. C. P. and et al. , 2007. Animal Diversity 4th edition. Boston: McGrawHill naturewatch. ca/english/wormwatch/resources/anatomy. html

Hypothetical international law questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hypothetical international law questions - Essay Example Answer: As per the UN Charter of human rights, human rights of all the passengers are violated in this case. According to the International Convention Against Taking of Hostages(1979) the passengers can seek damages for the violation of their human rights. 2. They can argue that they are political criminals fighting for a just cause and are not terrorists, and it is very important principle of the International law that extradition for political crimes is not allowed. 1. The act of USA's military forces gathering just outside Libya's twelve-mile territorial sea, but within plain view of the Libya coastal defense forces is a hostile act and can be considered as an act of war against Libya. USA can not resort to such tactics without clear cut evidence of the participation of the Libyan State in the crime of hijacking, otherwise it has to be considered as a terrorist act committed by some individuals. Even if USA was convinced that the some Libyan Political leaders are clandestinely involved in this crime, in that case USA should have approached the UN security council first to take a collective action for protecting the interests of the passengers on board the aircraft. 2.

Therapeutic skills and practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Therapeutic skills and practice - Essay Example It is not meant to create differences among people and it does not draw comparisons based on class or money. It is a humanistic process, and deals with humans as such. â€Å"Counseling may deal with one can learn about depression, phobias, anxiety, obsession, attention deficit, learning disability, and a host of other related issues; there are also sections on behaviour therapy, children and adolescents, couples, biofeedback, and many more† (Richards, 2000). After duly understanding theories, the most important part is to relate with the application of the same. It shall be most pertinent for her to convert the theoretical knowledge learnt from the models, to be able to link it in real-time, with the symptoms and actions presented by people in actuality. The important thing to note here is that, it is not possible simply by giving state-of-the art medicines to generate a healthy relationship with the client. This relationship is crucial for the psychological healing and intrinsic motivation of the client. When a person learns to communicate in an effective manner, it is only then that a much needed liaison is made between the two parties, and an environment of trust is created. This then gives rise to a therapeutic setting that is most conducive to the cause of the treatment. The psychoanalytic theory presented by Freud and the Behaviourist one, presented by Watson, form the basis of understanding personality in humans. Speaking as a whole, the former focuses largely on the processes that are hidden and away from the naked eye; ideas, concepts and cognitive processes that shape personality are essentially considered to be away from conscious control. Whereas, the latter supports analyzing personality ‘at the face of things.’ It attempts to objectively qualify behaviour, not only in terms of understanding it, but also in the context of

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 10

Summary - Essay Example ed by introducing the definition of risk, which means the threat of damage to environmental resources, human health, and or the occurrence of a particular hazard. The process of estimating the environmental resources or human health affected adversely under hazardous conditions is called risk assessment. Risk assessments are made every day; therefore, we have to understand why risk assessment is important to life cycle assessments. To consider the raw materials we have to use and make them into products, and consider the energy and emission, and the pollution factors when we think about life cycle analysis, As a result, doing a life cycle analysis to decide whether to reduce the energy, or to reduce the number of raw materials, or to reduce potential pollution comes from the point of an environmental view. And another way is compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential environmental impacts of a produce system throughout its life cycle analysis.   There are two types of risks: natural and man-made. CO2, SO4, CH4, O3 are natural risk types. Man-made risks, such as oil spills into water resources, waste plant disposal into environment, coal electricity generate plant emits the CO2 into air, artificial chemical ingredients added into food, pesticide for agricultural process, and chemical component in products, such as, Bisphenol A is a chemicals added in the production of polycarbonate plastics, such as water, food container. Bisphenol A accounts for the majority of human exposure. First, Bisphenol A is widespeard, which has potentially adverse effects on human health. There has been tests already done by CDC which found out that detectable levels of Bisphenol A in 935 of 2571 urine samples from a sensitive subpopulation of children 6 years and older. This is especially bad because Bisphenol A can leach into food through human daily diet, and long term use can effect newborns. Also many studies suggest that children are more sen sitive to

Apparel Brand Research Project Prada

Apparel Brand Research Project Prada BRAND OVERVIEW Prada was founded in 1913 by Mario Prada, Miuccia Pradas grandfather, in Milan.   Ã‚   Located in the prestigious Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, Prada was an exclusive, stylish store selling luggage, accessories and luxury goods, in fine materials and of sophisticated workmanship. The Milan store quickly became a firm favourite with the Italian aristocracy and the most sophisticated members of the European elite. In 1919 Prada received the warrant of Official Supplier of the Italian Royal Household, and since then has been able to display the royal Savoy coat of arms and figure-of-eight knots alongside the company logo. Miuccia Prada and Patrizio Bertelli started working together in the late 70s, laying the foundations of the international expansion that was to come. Patrizio Bertelli broke new ground in the luxury goods sector, introducing a new business model in which he kept direct, internal control over all processes, applying uncompromised quality criteria across the entire production cycle. Miuccia Pradas creative talent and avant-garde approach attracted the attention of the global fashion industry, while her ability to look at the world from an unconventional vantage point allowed her not only to anticipate, but quite often, to set new trends. The classic Prada suitcase was made of heavy walrus skin but as plane travel made heavy suitcases impractical, the company started to make lighter bags and high quality items made of crystals, tortoise shell and wood. They also sold garments of waterproof fabrics to the U.S. However the company had gone into decline in the 1970s. 1950 Miuccia Prada was born. By her mid-20s she had a doctorate in political science and in her 30s, she was a communist. In 1970 she started making backpack bags out of waterproof fabric called Pocone. 1979 She took over the Prada family business. Since sales were down, she expanded into luxury tote bags and backpacks in black with flat classic lines, made from nylon. 1985 She launched a line of footwear for women and her first pret-a-porter clothing line, using high quality fabrics. Her clean lines gave her fame, and she came to be known for under-stated elegant garments. 1993 She received an International award from the Council of Fashion Designers of America. 1995 She won Designer of the Year award. 1998 Prada opened their first menswear shop in Los Angeles, USA. They also opened new Prada stores in Manhattan and Las Vegas, as well as Miu Mius first North American boutique, in Los Angeles. Prada is now a worldwide empire, with stores in practically every country in the western world. It is a million-dollar concern, with every celebrity wearing Prada clothes. 2. NATURE OF BRAND AND ITS TARGET MARKET The Prada brand targets an international customer base that is modern, sophisticated, attuned to stylistic innovations, and expects craftsmanship of the highest quality.       The brands iconic trademarks, which are readily recognized around the world, incorporate the Savoy coat of arms and Savoy figure-of-eight knot, reflecting its heritage as an official supplier to the former Royal family of Italy. Introduced in the 1980s, Pradas famous black nylon bag with the signature triangle logo has been an enduring classic, with both the nylon bag and the logo becoming icons in the brands history. The Prada brand represents the best of Italian culture and tradition, sophisticated style and uncompromising quality, and as one of the most innovative fashion brands are capable of re-defining the norm and setting new trends. Prada also captured the attention of literary and cinematic audiences when the novel The Devil Wears Prada was first published in 2003, and then was made into a movie in 2006. The Prada brands distinctive originality is built on its unique approach to style, craftsmanship and constant innovation in materials and designs, as we unceasingly exert creativity in the development of fashionable designs, sophisticated fabrics and innovative production techniques. At the heart of the evolution of fashion, we believe Prada has been a sophisticated interpreter of its times and a forerunner of style and trends. Prada is a premium brand. It is very high quality which unfortunatly comes with a substantially high price tag. 2.1. PRADA GEOGRAPHICAL SEGMENTATION Under geographical segmentation, product or service is divided accordingly to geographic units, such as nations, states, regions, countries, cities or neighbourhoods. Directly operated stores, including the epicentres, are designed, constructed and managed in accordance with precise guidelines: location chosen are among the most prestigious. 2.2. PRADA PSYCHOGRAPHIC SEGMENTATION Psychographic segmentation divides the market into groups based on social class, lifestyle and personality characteristics. The PRADA brand targets an international customer base that is modern, sophisticated, attuned to stylist innovations, and expects craftsmanship of the highest quality. 3. RETAIL DISTRIBITION CHANNELS Prada, Miu Miu, Churchs and Car Shoe products are sold through two distribution channels: The retail channel, represented by the single-brand stores (including the three Epicentres) directly operated by the company, which currently account for approximately 78% of sales; the independent channel of multi-brand stores, department stores and franchises (so called wholesale). This distribution solution enables the Group to have a presence in the most exclusive points-of-sale which are either single-brand or multi-brand worldwide. The Groups commercial strategy is based on a selective analysis of the potential of individual markets, an innovative approach and rigorous control of display and presentation criteria, and a continuous search for original sales concepts. Prada has always pioneered new solutions combining design, architecture, and technology to create environments that not only encourage sales but also communicate its unique strong brand identity and the cultural influences and values of the Prada world in a consistent and homogeneous way. Towards the end of the nineties, Prada decided to redefine the concept of shopping and enlisted the help of pioneering architects of international renown, Rem Koolhaas and Herzog de Meuron, recent winners of the prestigious Pritzker Prize. The result of this partnership was the creation of the Prada Epicenters: areas and buildings which have rapidly acquired landmark status both locally and internationally. Pradas Epicentres have not only transformed the concept of shopping but have also fused it with cutting edge technology and a multitude of cultural stimuli, offering customers a whole range of unique experiences and exclusive services. There are currently three Prada Epicentres: one in SoHo, New York (designed by Rem Koolhaas in 2001); another in Aoyama, Tokyo (Herzog de Meuron, 2003); and the third in Beverly Hills, Los Angeles (also by Rem Koolhaas, 2004). Directly operated stores, including the three Epicentres, are designed, constructed and managed in accordance with precise guidelines: location chosen are among the most prestigious and the personnel is selected and trained to provide customers with an exclusive treatment. This type of store contributes to maintaining a very close relationship with customers, providing immediate information about the market trend. Moreover, direct-sale stores also provide very valuable support for the brand, acting as true ambassadors communicating the Prada image consistently and uniformly all over the world. Prada manages the independent shops and department stores channel based on selective distribution and a well-defined strategy of control aimed at maintaining outstanding quality and high volumes, ensuring consistency in merchandising and monitoring sales performance. Franchise shops are located in specific markets where this form of retail is imposed by local legislation or custom, and entail partnerships with local entrepreneurs with an excellent knowledge of the relevant market. The wholesale channel, besides ensuring the brand benefits by a series of shop windows in particularly significant positions in key markets, enables a direct and immediate comparison to be made with the competitor brands. Therefore, the sales trend through the independent channel represents a very useful indicator of the consumer trends and brand strength. 3.1. PRADAS FALL CAMPAIGN IS ALL ABOUT MODERN FEMININITY AND NEW FACES The way fashion houses describe their collections and ad campaigns can often sound like pure nonsense. But the person responsible for announcing Pradas fall 2015 campaign did a pretty good job of summing it up as an elegant, ironic ode to meta-modern femininity. Like the collection itself, the campaign shot by Steven Meisel is very pretty, but odd. Theres a sense of isolation in the arrangement of the models, who do not look at or touch each other but stare at an unspecified object off-camera. Theres also a feeling of youth and newness provided by a cast of fairly new faces, including Avery Blanchard, Estella Boersma, Inga Dezhina, Lineisy Montero, Ine Neefs, Greta Varlese and Maartje Verhoef, all of whom have walked the runway for Prada and/or Miu Miu this past seasons. Prada has a knack for casting promising models fairly earlier in their careers, so while some of them already have a campaign or two under their belts, expect to see these girls even more in the coming seasons. Montero, whom everyone started talking about when she walked in the brands fall 2015 show, has already landed a Teen Vogue cover. 4. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS Website as a whole and all material on this Website, as well the Prada trademark, are owned and registered by Prada S.A., a company with registered office at 23 rue Aldigren, L-1118 Luxembourg. Prada website is operated by Prada S.p.A., an Italian corporation having its principal place of business at Via Antonio Fogazzaro 28, 20135 Milan, Italy, operating holding company of the Prada Group. Prada S.A. and Prada S.p.A. are collectively referred to as PRADA; Prada S.p.A. and its subsidiaries will be collectively referred to as Prada Group hereinafter. All trademarks and logos, whether registered or not, displayed on the Website, including but not limited to the Prada trademark, as well as all the other distinctive marks connected with PRADA and reproduced on the Website, are and will remain the exclusive property of Prada S.A.. These trademarks may not be used in connection with any product or service that does not originate with PRADA, in any manner that is likely to cause confusion among users, or in any manner that disparages or discredits the Prada name and trademark and the products bearing the Prada trademark. Prada website and all the content included therein, including, but not limited to, all texts, information, data, images, icons, photographs, illustrations, multimedia content (graphic, audio and video), charts, indices, descriptions, data, software, HTML codes and screens contained therein and the like (hereinafter collectively Content), is owned by or licensed to PRADA and is subject to protection by international int ellectual property laws, including, but not limited to, rights in the nature of patent rights, copyrights, trade secrets, trade names, trademarks, service marks, moral rights, know-how and any other similar rights recognized under laws or international conventions in any country or jurisdiction in the world. All materials contained in this Website, except for the e-store section, are displayed for informational or promotional purpose only. Subject to these Terms and Conditions of Use, and except as otherwise indicated on the Website, you may access, download, copy, store, manipulate, reformat, print or display any Content to which you have obtained authorized access solely for your personal use and not for business purposes. You may not otherwise download, copy, store, manipulate, reformat, print, display, publish, transmit, distribute, create a derivative work from, resell or make any other use of, the Website, or any Content contained therein. No right, title and/or interest deriving from or pertaining to the Content, material or software of the Website may be deemed assigned to or acquired by you as a result of your use of the Website. You agree to accept and abide by all copyright or trademark notices and other notices contained on the Website and in the Content. All rights are reserved in all countries worldwide. People aware that the Prada products are sold exclusively at Prada monobrand stores, at prestigious multi-brand stores and points of sale belonging to Prada S.p.A.s selective retail network, outlets belonging to the Prada Group and in the e-store section of the Website which is only available in certain countries, as better specified on the Website. Any purchase outside of these points of sale is entirely at the purchasers risk, in particular with regard to the authenticity of any such purchased items. http://www.prada.com/content/dam/external/terms-conditions/EU-EN.pdf 5.OWNERSHIP UPON BRAND Miuccia Prada is the co-CEO and lead designer of the handbag and fashion empire Prada, in which she has a 28% stake. In 1977 Miuccia and her siblings Albert and Marina inherited the family fashion business, founded in 1913 by their grandfather. Miuccia met Patrizio Bertelli, who ran a luxury leather company, at a Milan trade show in 1977 and signed him on as a contractor. A year later, they were married and Bertelli joined the company, taking care of the business side of things while pushing Prada into new directions. He serves as co-CEO with Miuccia, and his stake in the company also makes him a billionaire. In 1986 Prada opened its first store in New York and expanded beyond high-end suitcases, handbags, and steamer trunks. A few years later, the company unveiled a ready-to-wear womens collection and a second brand, Miu Miu. Miuccia, who has a Ph.D in political science from the University of Milan, took the company public with Bertelli in Hong Kong in 2011. 5.1. BOARD OF DIRECTORS Our Board consists on nine Directors, of whom four are executive Directors, two are non-executive Directors and three are independent non-executive Directors. The ordinary shareholders meeting of 26 May 2015 resolved to appoint the Board of Directors for a term of three financial years. The boards mandate will therefore expire with the shareholders meeting to be convened for the approval of the financial statements for the year ending 31 January 2018. The below shows the current members of the Boards of Directors: Mazzi, Carlo: -chairperson and executive director Prada Bianchi, Miuccia: -chief executive officer and executive director Bertelli, Patrizio: chief executive officer and executive director Cozzani, Alessandra: -chief financial officer and executive director Cereda, Maurizio: -non-executive director Simontacchi, Stefano: -non-executive director Mattei, Gian Franco Oliviero: -independent non-executive director Forestieri, Giancarlo: independent non-executive director Liu, Sing Cheong: -independent non-executive director 5.2. SHAREHOLDERS STRUCTURE As of 31 January 2015, the shareholder structure of Prada S.p.A. is composed as follows 6. LICENCES AND JOINT VENTURES Eyewear In 2000 the PRADA Group developed its first Prada and Miu Miu branded sunglasses, and in 2003 it signed a licence agreement with Luxottica Group, a world leader in eyewear. Under the creative supervision of Miuccia Prada and Patrizio Bertelli, Prada coordinates the conception, design, styling and communications for all collections, while Luxottica has exclusive worldwide rights to the production and distribution of Prada and Miu Miu sunglasses and eyeglasses. Not only is this an important business agreement, but it is also an excellent example of comprehensive cooperation in creativity, style, production and distribution between two of Italys foremost industrial groups. Fragrances In 2003, an agreement was entered into with Puig Beauty Fashion Group, one of the worlds largest producers of cosmetics and fragrances, creating a joint venture for the production, distribution and development of Prada perfumes. Here, too, Prada is actively involved in the various phases of product, creation and development as well as communications, while responsibility for production and worldwide distribution is in the experienced and highly qualified hands of Puig.In 2004, after lengthy and thorough research by Miuccia Prada in cooperation with some of the most qualified noses in the world, Amber the first Prada perfume for women was created. Greeted with unanimous critical and public acclaim, Prada Amber perfume has enjoyed encouraging commercial success in all markets where it has been presented. In 2006 Prada unveiled its first mens fragrance, Prada Amber Pour Homme, marking the birth of the first Made in Prada perfumes family under the amber scent. A new perfume for women, Infusion dIris, was launched in 2007, which was the key to developing a series of complementary, innovative and personal products for bodycare and for the home. From this new pillar a collection of limited edition fragrances was derived: the Ephemeral Infusion Collection that includes Infusion de Fleur dOranger, Infusion de Tubà ©reuse and Infusion de Và ©tiver. In 2011, Prada Candy, the third pillar of the Prada fragrances, is launched. A new perfume for women that highlights the funny aspect of the brand also in the beauty sector. Mobile telephones In 2006, the PRADA Group entered into an agreement with LG Electronics, one of the world leaders in mobile telecommunications technology, to develop an innovative and iconic mobile telephone. By leveraging their respective skills, Prada and LG explored all of the products aspects together, both in terms of the contents (for example: software, user interface and music), and in terms of the presentation (from the design to the packaging): the partnership created the Prada Phone by LG, a unique, sophisticated and elegant telephone, the first in the world to have an interface that is completely touch screen. The Prada Phone by LG was launched in March 2007 in Italy, Great Britain, France and Germany, and subsequently on the principal Asian markets and in Latin America. The products high qualitative and innovative content enables a significant commercial success to be achieved, with more than 1,000,000 mobile telephones sold. In October 2008 Prada and LG launch the second phone, another quantum leap in mobile phone innovation and design, thanks to ultra-thin keyboard and new enhanced technological features. In December 2011, Prada and LG unveiled the partnerships latest smartphone, the Prada phone by LG 3.0 that combines Pradas distinctive style with LGs innovative technology, including one of the biggest and brightest screens in the world with 4.3inch and 800-nit screen. 7. PRODUCT LOGISTICS Product distribution is handled through five central warehouses, four in Italy and one in UK. It is managed by a group division which coordinates product storage, shipping and distribution, as well as arranging transport and customs procedures. Central to the Prada Groups distribution strategy is the development of its retail channel in all markets, both consolidated and emerging, focusing in particular on nations with high growth potential. The Groups distribution network extends across 70 countries, counting 551 directly-operated stores (at 30 April 2014), which form the backbone of the Groups international expansion strategy, and a selection of department stores and multi-brand retail spaces in the most significant cities and stylish locations. The reasons for this strategy are many: not only the DOS are the supreme showcase for newly-launched collections, but they also offer a direct relationship with customers and provide real-time feedback on how each product category is performing. Over and above their primary role as a sales point, DOS also represent an important communication tool: real embassies of each brand, they portray their image in a clear and consistent manner. Direct sales account for about 83% of consolidated revenues while the remaining 17% is generated by the wholesale channel (multi-brand retail spaces and department stores 16%), from franchising (about 1%). 8. NET SALES OF PRADA 8.1. NET SALES ANALYSIS (amounts in thousands of Canadians) ended January 31, 2016 ended January 31, 2015 % change Net sales of directly operated stores (DOS) 4,344,819 86.30% 4,232,865 83.90% 2.60% Net Sales to independent customers and franchisees 631,349 12.50% 756,214 15.00% -16.50% Royalties 61,666 1.20% 54,329 1.10% 13.50% Net revenues, total 5,037,835 100.00% 5,043,408 100.00% -0.10% 8.2. NET SALES OF DIRECTLY OPERATED STORES (DOS) ended January 31, 2016 ended January 31, 2015 % change Net sales of DOS by geographical area Italy 12.80% 11.90% 10.70% Europe 21.80% 21.60% 3.30% Americas 13.40% 13.10% 5.00% Asia Pacific 35.30% 37.90% -4.40% Japan 13.20% 12.20% 10.70% Middle East 3.40% 3.10% 11.50% Other countries 0.10% 0.10% 41.40% Total 100.00% 100.00% 2.60% 8.3. PRADA GROUP FIGURES www.prada.com/ company profile FEBRUARY 2016 9. CAPITAL OR MARKET VALUE 9.1. INCOME STATEMENT Year on year Prada SpAs net income fell -26.59% from 634.04 million to 465.46 million despite relatively flat revenues. A contributing factor has been an increase in the selling, general and administrative costs as a percentage of sales from 48.33% to 54.41%. Gross margin 72.12% Net profit margin 8.76% Operating margin 12.92% Revenue Net Income Return on assets 6.05% Return on equity 9.71% Return on investment 7.59% 9.2. BALANCE SHEET Year on year, growth in dividends per share remained flat while earnings per share excluding extraordinary items fell by -26.59%. Additionally, five year annualized earnings per share growth is in-line with the industry average relative to its peers. Current ratio2 2.24 Quick ratio 1.48 Total debt/total equity 0.3183 Total debt/total capital 0.2402 9.3. GROWTH RATES Year on year, growth in dividends per share remained flat while earnings per share excluding extraordinary items fell by -26.59%. Additionally, five year annualized earnings per share growth is in-line with the industry average relative to its peers. Dividends Per Share Div yield (5 year avg) 0.24% Div growth rate (5 year) Payout ratio (TTM) 99.03% Earnings Per Share EPS growth (5 years)

Overcoming Obstacles

Overcoming Obstacles What is life? Life consists of experiences, challenges, and achievements; all of which are building blocks that essentially create ones path to success. In one’s lifetime they can experience tough and difficult challenges. Sometimes these challenges become unbearable, especially when the odds are against you. However, going against all odds is something everyone is capable of doing, and to overcome these challenges everyone needs to have a â€Å"never quit† attitude in life. If we develop it, we'll overcome quite a bit.Many people all around the world face challenges and obstacles every day in their daily lives. One man in particular is Nic Sheff; a man who was a drug addict and wrote an autobiography called â€Å"Tweak†. In this book, Nic describes himself as a drug addict who spends all his money on drugs instead of food and bills. The main person that had a bad influence in his life was an older woman named Zelda. Nic liked being with her because he saved her from her ex-husband. However, at the end of the book, Nic’s parents made a decision for him to go back into rehab in Arizona.Nic always said that he has done a twelve step programs and went into rehab so many times that nothing changed. But at the last program, it was different, Nic turned into whole different person, finally loving him and life. Also, in the book Nic explains how he faces different obstacles and has an extremely difficult time staying sober. But in the end, because he didn’t give up it did pay off in his future. He became a more successful person and a writer who now shares his experiences of his childhood to prevent other teens into getting into the kind of lifestyle he did.Nick isn’t the only one who faces these kinds of problems and challenges. About 570,000 people die annually due to drug abuse. Illegal use of drugs is most common among young adults who are ages 18 to 25 years old and that can change who they are as the y grow up, financially and mentally. After a person takes drugs and are addicted to it there are certain thoughts and views that society has of them. Society doesn’t usually think of drug addicts as â€Å"good people† and they end up losing their respect and reputation as they grow up.If these teens and young adults don’t change who they are when they are young, they won’t be able to fix themselves as they grow older which can be a bad influence. Bad habits start as a kid and if you don’t change those habits you won’t be able to when you get older! Many people face challenges and obstacles at a very young age and that can change who they are as they grow up. My grandma faced a very harsh and unfortunate childhood. Her father died when she was 17 and that changed her life and her future. It meant she was given many responsibilities since she was the eldest out of her siblings.She had to do many house chores such as cooking, washing the clothe s and dishes and waking up early in the morning to get water from a nearby well every day! This placed a very large obstacle in her life at a very young age. She had to leave school at a very young age because of all the responsibilities she was given and had to overcome these obstacles and face them with great integrity. But due to these obstacles that she has overcome, it has changed who she is now. She struggled in life right from when she was just a little kid. But if she hadn’t overcome these obstacles she wouldn’t have been a very independent woman like she is today.If her father hadn’t died when she was young, she probably would have had a completely different future and lifestyle, not worrying about anything and going to school and having a better education. Lastly she overcame these obstacles and that changed her attitude and her character. All the experiences of my childhood have shaped me into the person I am today. I wouldn't have been the same kind of person I am today if it wasn't for all the challenges and obstacles I faced and overcame. Fortunately for me I didn’t have wake up every day concerned about what I'm going to eat and make money and survive another day.Some unfortunate people struggle in their daily lives just to just to survive! Those people definitely would have different characteristics than me because I don’t have to work right now, instead just focus on my education, go to school and depend on my parents for getting my things I need and providing the basic survival needs and fulfilling my wants. I face challenges in my life too. An example is waking up early in the morning to get ready for school, even though it’s a very minor thing, it can sure have a huge impact. It impacts my life because then I wouldn’t be ready for school on time and I would be late for class very day and miss the beginning on class which slowly can add up and bite me on a test or assignment. We all face many different challenges and obstacles and we have to overcome them in order to make ourselves a better person. Even if it’s very easy to overcome, you must be determined to succeed. As a little kid I always did my homework. As soon as I got home I would finish my homework before doing anything but after a few years, that wasn’t the case anymore. I would usually procrastinate and leave my homework till the last day and I usually wouldn’t do a good job.As my report cards arrived I got an â€Å"S† in the homework section meaning satisfactory. My parents were furious because they trusted me and believed I would finish my homework but then found out I was actually wasn’t and not doing a very good job on it. For the next few years it impacted my life because my parents would check my agenda every day and sign off to indicate to my teacher that parents saw my homework and checked that I actually did it. This was an obstacle in my life because I would have to finish my homework and then I was allowed to watch T. V or go out.I didn’t like this at all but in order to overcome this obstacle and gain my parents trust back, I would have to do my homework. So after that day I always did my homework and eventually got an â€Å"E† in the homework section indicating excellent and gaining back my parents trust. If I had given up, I would have this obstacle hurting me like a needle for a few more years and my parents would constantly be watching me and making sure I was doing my work and I was on task, which isn’t a good thing. Also I wouldn’t be able to change as I grow older because if you don’t get rid of bad habits they can last forever.In conclusion, it is very important to overcome obstacles because if you don’t, it could have a negative impact on who you are. Life is like a rollercoaster, you will never know what challenges and obstacles you will face in life but you have to hold and make sure you o vercome these obstacles without giving up! Live has its ups and downs, but hold your head high and face those obstacles and overcome them with great determination. There are many trials ahead, be a person who had indwelling desire to succeed, and believe failure was not and never could be an option. Overcoming Obstacles Overcoming Obstacles What is life? Life consists of experiences, challenges, and achievements; all of which are building blocks that essentially create ones path to success. In one’s lifetime they can experience tough and difficult challenges. Sometimes these challenges become unbearable, especially when the odds are against you. However, going against all odds is something everyone is capable of doing, and to overcome these challenges everyone needs to have a â€Å"never quit† attitude in life. If we develop it, we'll overcome quite a bit.Many people all around the world face challenges and obstacles every day in their daily lives. One man in particular is Nic Sheff; a man who was a drug addict and wrote an autobiography called â€Å"Tweak†. In this book, Nic describes himself as a drug addict who spends all his money on drugs instead of food and bills. The main person that had a bad influence in his life was an older woman named Zelda. Nic liked being with her because he saved her from her ex-husband. However, at the end of the book, Nic’s parents made a decision for him to go back into rehab in Arizona.Nic always said that he has done a twelve step programs and went into rehab so many times that nothing changed. But at the last program, it was different, Nic turned into whole different person, finally loving him and life. Also, in the book Nic explains how he faces different obstacles and has an extremely difficult time staying sober. But in the end, because he didn’t give up it did pay off in his future. He became a more successful person and a writer who now shares his experiences of his childhood to prevent other teens into getting into the kind of lifestyle he did.Nick isn’t the only one who faces these kinds of problems and challenges. About 570,000 people die annually due to drug abuse. Illegal use of drugs is most common among young adults who are ages 18 to 25 years old and that can change who they are as the y grow up, financially and mentally. After a person takes drugs and are addicted to it there are certain thoughts and views that society has of them. Society doesn’t usually think of drug addicts as â€Å"good people† and they end up losing their respect and reputation as they grow up.If these teens and young adults don’t change who they are when they are young, they won’t be able to fix themselves as they grow older which can be a bad influence. Bad habits start as a kid and if you don’t change those habits you won’t be able to when you get older! Many people face challenges and obstacles at a very young age and that can change who they are as they grow up. My grandma faced a very harsh and unfortunate childhood. Her father died when she was 17 and that changed her life and her future. It meant she was given many responsibilities since she was the eldest out of her siblings.She had to do many house chores such as cooking, washing the clothe s and dishes and waking up early in the morning to get water from a nearby well every day! This placed a very large obstacle in her life at a very young age. She had to leave school at a very young age because of all the responsibilities she was given and had to overcome these obstacles and face them with great integrity. But due to these obstacles that she has overcome, it has changed who she is now. She struggled in life right from when she was just a little kid. But if she hadn’t overcome these obstacles she wouldn’t have been a very independent woman like she is today.If her father hadn’t died when she was young, she probably would have had a completely different future and lifestyle, not worrying about anything and going to school and having a better education. Lastly she overcame these obstacles and that changed her attitude and her character. All the experiences of my childhood have shaped me into the person I am today. I wouldn't have been the same kind of person I am today if it wasn't for all the challenges and obstacles I faced and overcame. Fortunately for me I didn’t have wake up every day concerned about what I'm going to eat and make money and survive another day.Some unfortunate people struggle in their daily lives just to just to survive! Those people definitely would have different characteristics than me because I don’t have to work right now, instead just focus on my education, go to school and depend on my parents for getting my things I need and providing the basic survival needs and fulfilling my wants. I face challenges in my life too. An example is waking up early in the morning to get ready for school, even though it’s a very minor thing, it can sure have a huge impact. It impacts my life because then I wouldn’t be ready for school on time and I would be late for class very day and miss the beginning on class which slowly can add up and bite me on a test or assignment. We all face many different challenges and obstacles and we have to overcome them in order to make ourselves a better person. Even if it’s very easy to overcome, you must be determined to succeed. As a little kid I always did my homework. As soon as I got home I would finish my homework before doing anything but after a few years, that wasn’t the case anymore. I would usually procrastinate and leave my homework till the last day and I usually wouldn’t do a good job.As my report cards arrived I got an â€Å"S† in the homework section meaning satisfactory. My parents were furious because they trusted me and believed I would finish my homework but then found out I was actually wasn’t and not doing a very good job on it. For the next few years it impacted my life because my parents would check my agenda every day and sign off to indicate to my teacher that parents saw my homework and checked that I actually did it. This was an obstacle in my life because I would have to finish my homework and then I was allowed to watch T. V or go out.I didn’t like this at all but in order to overcome this obstacle and gain my parents trust back, I would have to do my homework. So after that day I always did my homework and eventually got an â€Å"E† in the homework section indicating excellent and gaining back my parents trust. If I had given up, I would have this obstacle hurting me like a needle for a few more years and my parents would constantly be watching me and making sure I was doing my work and I was on task, which isn’t a good thing. Also I wouldn’t be able to change as I grow older because if you don’t get rid of bad habits they can last forever.In conclusion, it is very important to overcome obstacles because if you don’t, it could have a negative impact on who you are. Life is like a rollercoaster, you will never know what challenges and obstacles you will face in life but you have to hold and make sure you o vercome these obstacles without giving up! Live has its ups and downs, but hold your head high and face those obstacles and overcome them with great determination. There are many trials ahead, be a person who had indwelling desire to succeed, and believe failure was not and never could be an option.

Importance of English Essay

In today global world, English is already became the most common communication tool used among foreign language speakers and more than two billion people all over the world speak English. There are so many advantages to be an English speaker and reasons to learn English. It is so important for a job seeker to be able to communicate well in English. This is due to the fact of increasing amounts of worldwide business are being conducted in English, in job such as sales, marketing and customer service. Usually a job interview is conducted by English and the first impression a job seeker should give in order to get a job is to answer in English fluently. In contrast, chances to getting a job are very tiny if you shutter when interviewing. Moreover, good command in English will also has a great help in the job especially for those companies are actively involved in international trade. It can help the employees to have a good performance in their job and more easily to get a promotional opportunity . There are several ways to improve English skills. First of all is read anything and everything in English such as story books, newspapers, magazines, etc. Watch English movies with subtitles is another ways to learn English fun. This is the way to learn new words and known how to pronounce them at the same time. Next, buy a dictionary and keep it all the time with you. Lastly, try to communicate in English with friends and family and sing along to English. Don’t be shy to make mistake, it was another ways to learn from mistake. In the nut shell, a good knowledge in English belongs to the most important requirements in many professions. A person that speaks English would have a better chance of finding a good job a. Let’s start to improve our English language skills from today onwards!

6 Budget-Friendly Ways to Get Writing Help for Your Paper of Any Complexity

6 Budget-Friendly Ways to Get Writing Help for Your Paper of Any Complexity 6 Budget-Friendly Ways to Get Writing Help for Your Paper of Any Complexity It’s no secret that college can be extremely expensive, and most college students are on tight budget. You may not afford writing help for a high price, but we’ve created a list of six budget-friendly options. Here are several ways to get the qualitative help you need without breaking the bank. 1.   Pay for Advisory Services Only The cheapest option for academic writing help is to pay only for general guidance on your writing, rather than for an entire paper. This service can include brainstorming a good topic, organizing, structuring your essay and proofreading/editing your completed draft. Such writing helpers can give you the extra boost you need to write an excellent paper on your own. 2. Pay an Older Student to Write Your Paper Many senior college students write papers for younger ones to make extra cash. Ask around your college campus to see if there are students available to perform such a service. While you are searching for writer help, make sure you are able to get opinion on the quality of this person’s work. To pay a senior student for the paper is a great chance to save money, as they are likely to charge much less than professional services. 3. Think about Friends Who May Do You a Favor Do you have any friends who are excellent writers? Perhaps they would be generous enough to write a paper for you, or, at least, to offer suggestions and advice. If you are strong in another academic subject, such as mathematics, you may provide your mate with â€Å"friend help† in exchange. Even if your friend wants some money for such a favor, he/she will charge you less than a professional academic writer would. 4. Use a Free Online Library There are several resources on the Internet, such as free online libraries, that provide you with papers on a variety of subjects. These papers can be used as examples to help inspire ideas for your essay. You can also use the sample essay as a model for how to structure your own paper. Such a method does not allow you to get writing help from another person, it just gives you a chance to see how a proficient writer has handled the topic similar to the one you are coping with. 5. Ask Your Professor for Help Of course, your professor is not going to write the paper in your stead, but he/she may offer you valuable advice. Most professors are required to have office hours, the time period, when the professor sits in his/her office so that students can come and ask their questions. Your professor can clarify any questions you have concerning the assignment, as well as he/she can give you tips on how to overcome the obstacles you have faced. Your professor is the one who will assign your grade, so his/her advice can be especially helpful. Moreover, professors are likely to be more generous while grading a student who has taken the initiative to come for advice! 6. Join a Study Group There are many study groups in the universities for students to get together and work on assignments, or answer one another’s questions. See if the class you are writing the paper for has a study group, or try to start one. You and students who are dealing with the papers on the same subject can discuss topic ideas, clarify questions, and even proofread one another’s papers. Getting qualitative writing help does not always put a strain on your finances. Try using one of these six options to help you produce a high-quality paper at a low cost!

How to Get on the New York Times Bestseller List ( What to Know First)

How to Get on the New York Times Bestseller List ( What to Know First) How to Get on the New York Times Bestseller List Do you want to learn how to get on the New York Times Bestseller list?If soyou may have the common aspiration to become a bestselling author. The prestige, the title, and the credibilty are all super temptingBut theres more to landing on the NYT Bestseller list than just writing a book and hoping it gets there.Heres how to get on the New York Times Bestseller list:Understand what the NYT Bestseller list is looking forObtain fast and diverse salesEstablish a large author platformHave a pre-order list before your launchGet paid for speaking in bulk book purchasesIf you want to skip right down to these steps, click right here.Otherwise, stick around so that you can gain a further understanding of what it actually means and what it truly takes to get on the New York Times Bestseller list.NOTE: If you want to become a bestselling author in a way thats truly impactful, check out our VIP Self-Publishing Program to learn how to make it happen. Learn more about it hereWhy do authors want to g et on the New York Times Bestseller list?Getting published in the New York Times Bestseller list is traditionally regarded as the gold standard in the publishing world. While many notable bestseller lists exist in the publishing world - The Wall Street Journal bestseller list for business-themed books, for instance- the New York Times Bestseller list, published weekly since 1931, is the oldest and most prestigious list. To that extent, getting your work published on the list is a major deal. Getting published on the Times’ list not only raises your profile as an established author but can offer many more opportunities.Here are some benefits of becoming an NYT Bestselling author:Land future writing contracts with established printing housesBroader industry recognitionEstablish you as a major thought leader and expertProvide increased sales particularly if you are a lesser-known writerLend a good deal of bragging rights. Best Seller Lists are EvolvingPerhaps the most important thing to understand about the New York Times Bestseller list is that it is an evolving list. It always has been and, as historical and more recent trends seem to suggest, probably always will be. To be fair, it is not only the Times. Only as recent as 1995 did the Los Angeles Times begin to count paperbacks again on its bestseller list. Further back in time, in 1961, the Chicago Tribune more infamously denied certain high-selling books that it considered to be â€Å"sewer written by dirty fingered authors for dirty-minded readers† from appearing on its Bestseller list. Various genres and classic works of literature have historically not appeared on the New York Times Bestseller list.   The recent explosion of E-books (The Times began counting them in 2010), self-published books, and audiobooks have also contributed to a more evolving list.How do best seller lists work?The New York Times Bestseller list is made up of various lists divided by different categories such as fict ion and non-fiction, hardcover, paperback, Ebooks, audiobooks, and various book genres.For you, the aspiring writer whose goal it is to be published in the their Bestseller list, probably the most important thing to know is what is worth writing if you are to get your work published on the list. Again, The New York Times does not consider various categories for their bestseller list. A helpful article published on their site about their various guidelines and scoring method clarifies the matter. Here is what those guidelines state: â€Å"Among the categories not actively tracked at this time are: perennial sellers, required classroom reading, textbooks, reference and test preparation guides, e-books available exclusively from a single vendor, journals, workbooks, calorie counters, shopping guides, periodicals and crossword puzzles.†Cookbooks, contrary to popular belief, are included, as are religion, spirituality, and faith books. The NYT Bestseller â€Å"List† is Not a True Measure of Bestselling StatusIt may seem contradictory and still remains controversial to say but it is nonetheless true: The New York Times Bestseller list does not represent a true best-seller listthat is, when accounting for actual total sales. Just what constitutes â€Å"Bestseller† status has been the decades-long battle legal, political, commercial, and otherwise between- the Times, various authors, and book publishers. Like any traditional gatekeeper, the Times has its set of rules, standards, and procedures. As such, they hold the â€Å"keys† as to â€Å"who† gets in. It is best to think of New York Times Bestseller status as something that is subjective in nature. A book that becomes a New York Times Bestseller doesn’t necessarily have to sell millions of copies, or hundreds of thousands, for that matter. While book sales do meet the subjective criteria that the Times uses, it is a specific kind of â€Å"book sale† that counts towa rd New York Times Bestseller status. Moreover, given the explosion of online sales and the diminishing number of traditional brick-and-mortar bookstores (and, consequently, bookstore sales) the sales methodology behind how books are counted has influenced which books appear or do not appear on the list. As explained in a recent article about how to become a best-selling author and how to appear on a bestseller list, its stated that the New York Times in particular, when tallying books for bestseller status, considers:Books that sold in a very specific time period: The Times does not track cumulative sales. Hence, why the Bible, the best-selling book of all time, will not appear on the list. Books like Don Quixote and The Tale of Two Cities, worldwide beloved classics that have sold millions over the years, also will not appear. Dan Brown’s Davinci Code, however, will appear, as it did for several years between 2003 and 2006. Books sold at very specific places: certain book sa les are â€Å"weighted† more favorably depending on where they originate. Bulk sales, under certain conditions, are counted toward bestseller status; ebooks published by a sole vendor are not, etc.Again, the Times explains this in more detail on their site. What Writers Need to Know About the New York Times Bestseller ListEven though it retains its prestigious reputation, The New York Times Bestseller list has been the subject of much controversy. Charges of â€Å"curated elitism,† an overreliance on books published by the major New York publishing houses, questionable methodologies, bribery, editorial and political bias have prompted lawsuits and intense debates among authors, book publishers, and industry executives.A 1983 lawsuit by William Beatty, an American writer best known for his novel The Exorcist and 1973 movie by the same name, is a case in point. While his book Legion sold many copies during its initial publication- enough to earn a comfortable spot for a while on the Times’ Bestseller list- his book appeared on the list only for one week.Sensing bias and claiming that by it not remaining on the Times’s list his sales were being hurt, Beatty took his case to Court. In Court, the Times defended itself on grounds that â€Å"The list did not purport to be an objective compilation of information but instead was an editorial product.† The Court sided with the Times, dismissing a $3 million lawsuit. Think of it like this: The New York Times is the newspaper equivalent to a prestigious university and fashionable high-end clothing brand. When it comes to getting on their bestseller list, just as it is for gaining admission to, say, an Ivy League School, few get in.For those that do, they did their due diligence, worked incredibly hard, made great contacts, followed the rules, met the editorial standards, among other things.How to Get on the New York Times Bestseller ListIf you really have your hearts set on becoming a Ne w York Times bestselling author, here are some of the things youll have to do in order to make it happen.#1 Know What the NYT List wantsA Stanford Business Schoolanalysis done years ago concluded by saying that the majority of book buyers seem to use the Times list as a signal of whats worth reading.Knowing what the Times regards as a bestseller is important because it provides a helpful window into this segment of the bestselling publishing world. It helps to know what is currently passing for a New York Times Bestseller.Simply start with the category in which you would like to be published: fiction, non-fiction. Beyond that, genre: history, political, fantasy, science-fiction. It helps too to know who the Big Players are.The Times is known to favor the Big New York publishing houses. Who are these? What are their submission guidelines? Who are some agents known for working with them?Do you have what it takes to become a bestselling author? Take our quiz to find out!Click Here to Save Your Spot#2 Obtain fast and diverse sales In the age of digital self-publication and promotion, the traditional publishing route is virtually a thing of the past. Not so for a New York Times Bestseller. Unlike selling on digital mediums where you can become a Bestseller by selling your book on, say, Amazon, to whomever, wherever, becoming a New York Times Bestseller follows a different system.To achieve bestseller status on the Times not only do you have to sell at least 5,000 10,000 copies in one week, but these sales have to be diverse sales.That is, you cannot sell 10,000 books to a pre-existing list of followers through a personal website or thousands from only one marketplace like Barnes and Noble.Rather, these sales must flow from retailers across the country and in different geographical locations- everything from Big-Box chains like Barnes and Noble and Walmart, small independent book stores, E-commerce giant Amazon, university bookstores, etc.It is worth noting tha t the public does not have access to who the aforementioned retail outlets are. To prevent possible abuse from those looking to rig the system.#3 Build a Strong Author PlatformFor first-time and lesser-known authors it is especially critical to have a pre-existing audience before attempting New York Times bestseller status.This is how you can start to build your author platform and audience:Be active on social media: it goes without saying, people- potential followers, collaborators, industry leaders, publishers, agents, and readers- exist in the digital space. Find them, connect with them, and collaborate, if possible.Be already building credibility / expertise on your particular niche / topic / passion: write a weekly blog, as an example. This is perfect practice to hone your writing skills, develop your voice and writing styles, conduct research for your eventual book. The goal is to establish trust and credibility.Collaborate with others in your particular area for more knowled ge and broader exposure: if you want to get in with the Big Wigs you got to know your stuff. Once you have built up some credibility you can leverage this and reach out to important figures in your field. It is a win-win-win for you, the person you are reaching out to and the audience that is set to gain important information from the two of you.Engage with your audience: Assess your audience’s â€Å"book pulse:† how hungry are they for your words of wisdom, unique insight, creative mind? What questions are you asking them? What have they had to say about your previous blog posts, vlogs, tweets, etc? Are they genuinely impressed, suggesting you write a book perhaps?Maybe they are giving you more fuel for your book- telling you about things you had previously not known before, mentioning other books that further your expertise? Engagement is key. What, if any, do you have with your audience?#4 Have a Pre-Order List Before Your Book Launch You should have such a list f or any book you seek to publish. For a potential New York Times Bestseller it is especially important from a sales perspective.Rob Eager, a notable book marketing consultant, explains that, in the case of a New York Times Bestseller, all pre-orders sold before a book launch are counted during the first week of official sales. So, for instance, 5,000 sold during pre-release and another 5,000 during the first official week equals 10,000 total books sold- a critical number to reach during the first week for New York Times Bestseller status.Having a pre-order list works hand-in-hand with a pre-existing audience. If you already have the audience it is, of course, easier to have a ready pre-order list. If you are successful enough to have both of these before launch you are in good shape.#5 Exchange speaking fee for a bulk book purchasesWhile it may not be the best course for everyone, speaking engagements are incredible opportunities to double-down on your writing endeavors and entrepre neurial goals more broadly.They are not only great confidence-boosters but serve as great book marketing opportunities. Exchanging speaking fees for a bulk book purchase is especially important during the pre-order phase because it allows you not only reach a broader audience (and hopefully make more sales) but allows you to meet the Times’ requirement that book purchases be in different geographic areas. New York Times Bestseller Status vs. Writing as Means to an EndGiven the age of digital entrepreneurship where self-publishing a book continues to gain significant traction, effectively taking down the traditional barriers of entry- publishing industry contacts, top-notch agents, and costly marketing plans- it is really up to you to figure out your writing goals.Traditional publishing with the aim of appearing on an internationally-recognized Bestseller list like the Times versus self-publishing with the aim of achieving personal / business goals (and potential Bestseller st atus just not in the Times) is a tradeoff you’ll have to consider. Remember publishing a book is not an end in and of itself. With its ability to boost your name, reputation, and authority, not to mention, depending on your industry, land you more consulting clients and speaking gigs, writing a book can open up some pretty amazing doors. A successful published book is a marketing tool like no other.Whatever path you choose, keep in mind that achieving Bestseller status in places other than the New York Times Bestseller List has been proven to land equally promising and lucrative opportunities. And we are just in the beginning phases of this amazing trend. Self-Publishing School is here to help. Good luck.Are you ready to become a bestselling author where it matters?Yes, landing on the NYT Bestseller list will get you more book sales but becoming a bestselling author elsewhere is much easier and more attainable- with our methods, at least.